In recent years a debate that is several hundred years old has arisen in evangelical circles. This debate is fueled to a great extent by the writings of a man named John Calvin who served the Lord in Geneva in the fifteen hundreds. Calvin is best known for his work, THE INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION. There were many important themes in his work. I want to highlight a few of them.
The sovereignty of God was a major theme of his work. His careful study of Scripture convinced him that God was absolutely sovereign in the affairs of men. Every movement of history was under the authority of God. He extended that viewpoint to salvation. He would say that salvation is a work of God and there is nothing of man in it. From this singular viewpoint he affirmed some maxims that can be stated with the acrostic TULIP.
Total depravity - Man is totally affected by sin. His mind, his reason, his will, his desire are all enslaved to sin and death.
Unconditional Election - God has ordained certain to be saved by his sovereign choice. (The attendant view that is most difficult to accept is that God has ordained certain ones to be eternally damned.)
Limited Atonement - Christ died only for the elect. Many advocates of Calvinism would soften this by saying that the atonement was sufficient for all, but only efficient for some.
Irresistible Grace - Those whom God elects will inevitably come to Him.
Perseverance of the saints - Those who are saved are saved forever.
Baptist will quickly recognize the final maxim above as a hallmark teaching of our faith family. There are Scriptural passages that certainly teach the sovereignty of God, and any honest assessment of Scripture should result in coming to the conclusion that God is in control. My greatest objection to this argument is that it is attached to Calvin and called Calvinism. John Calvin had narrowly escaped the superstitious form of Roman Catholicism that held Europe in its grip. His ideas were based on Scripture, but there is no more reason to accept his interpretations as infallible than to accept the Papal doctrine of infallibility.
Another objection that I have to the notion of Calvinism is that it does not adequately take into account the mystery of the ways of God. The idea that we could break down the mind of God to the basic elements and classify them under headings is not appealing to me. The section in Romans which Calvin relied on so heavily closes with a doxology which raises the standard of humility to all who would seek to perfectly explain the ways of God.
“Oh the depths of the riches both of the wisdom and the knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out. For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who has been his counselor, or who has borrowed from him that it shall be recompensed unto him again. For of him and to him and through him are all things to whom be glory forever and ever amen.”
I love this passage found at the end of Romans eleven. It basically says to me that I should study hard and formulate my thoughts, but in the end there is an unsearchable mystery about God that I must simply embrace. His ways are not my ways and his thoughts are not my thoughts. Any position that leaves me arrogantly triumphant in my view of God and salvation is suspect. It is enough simply to know and be known by God.
Finally, I absolutely affirm the sovereignty of God. Having said that, what more needs to be said. He is as sovereign in the matter of salvation as he is in everything else. The details of that sovereignty are wrapped up in the mysterious words of Scripture. For the Scripture says of Jesus, “He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not for ours only, but for the sins of the whole world.” (1 John 2:2) Where is the limit to that?
Dan Wooldridge